Chera Chola Pandya History In Tamil Pdf Download UPDATED
Chera Chola Pandya History In Tamil Pdf Download UPDATED
Chera Chola Pandya History In Tamil Pdf Download
karikala chola conquered the erstwhile pandyan kingdom and from then onwards, he was known as ‘nandivarman’ which indicates his mastery over the pandya country. but the pandyan king who had the most to lose from the battle, did not take a back step from his position. this can be read from the inscription of the pandyan chola on the gateway of the sami i temple, the umapathi amman temple, at karur. there is no need to say that his name was carved as ‘balasundara kurukkal’. in the inscriptions of vikrama chola at the kulasekaram temple at thiruvaiyaru and the sundara pandya temple at kumbakonam, ‘karikalana varmana’ is mentioned as ‘chola varmana’. this proves that chola varmana ruled over the pandya country and not the other way round.
in the name of vikrama chola, the pandyan kingdom is called nandivarman-varmana-chola-varmana in the chulavarsam inscription at thiruvaiyaru. the inscription of the pandya ruler is found in kumbakonam, called chettiyar ummaiyakal.
the pandyan kingdom had been subdued by the cholas in the early part of the thirteenth century. the pandya king, who ruled at that time, took shelter with the chola king. during the chola regime of kulasekhara chola, the pandya king was a vassal to kulasekara chola. this is witnessed by the inscription at thiruvaiyaru in the name of ‘kulasekara chola’. but during the last years of the chola regime, the pandyan king, who was a vassal of the chola king, saw an opportunity of regaining independence and sought help from the chera king. it is not known for sure whether the chera king was a vassal of the pandyan king, or whether he was the one who had defeated the pandya king and subjugated the kingdom.
Another important ruler was Thalaiyalanganathu Nedunjeliyan who was believed to have ruled around 210 A.D, defeated the combined forces of Chera, Chola and five other minor states at a place called Thalaiyalanganam, which is mentioned in a 10th century inscription. He also patronized a number of Tamil poets including Mangudi Maruthanar. The Pandyan kingdom was having trade with Roman Empire which profited traders and made kingdom wealthy and prosperous. Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan ruled Pandyan Empire from 1251-61 A.D was known as Second Rama for plundering the islands of Sri Lanka. Kings of the Pandya dynasty are widely known in the early historical period, but their connection with the Pandyas of the early medieval times is unclear. The first two rulers of the early medieval line were Kadungon (560-590 A.D.) and his son Maravarman Avanishulamani (590-620 A.D.). Kadungon is credited with the overthrow of the Kalabhras in the south. Both of them revived the Pandya power. The Pandyas were involved in internecine wars with the Pallavas and other contemporary powers. King Rajasimha I (735-765 A.D.) had the label Pallava-bhanjan (breaker of the Pallavas). The empire expanded during his reign and that of his successors Jatila Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan (756-815 A.D.) and Shrimara Shrivallabha (815-862 A.D.). The Pandyas were overpowered by the Cholas in the tenth century A.D. The Pandyas were well known since ancient times, with contacts, even diplomatic, reaching the Roman Empire. Karikala’s son, Rajadhiraja Chola (Tamil: ), whose reign lasted from c. 1029 to 1069, was considered the greatest of the early Chola kings of the Sangam age in South India. He was also known as Vamana ( ) or Srividya ( ), another epithet that Karikala had earned through his victory in the Venni war. He is also sometimes known by the epithet Sudhran ( ), which means the man with the kind eyes. He is said to have distinguished himself in the battle between the Cheras and the Pandyas. According to the historian Brihannala, Chola Dharma Raja – son of the Chera ruler Trivattin Mutamillai – had humiliated the Pandyan king Karikala’s mother in front of her relatives. Karikala demanded reparation and insulted the Cheras. Karikala led a Chola-Pandyas war that eventually ended in the Chera’s defeat. Karikala was victorious in the war and gained the chief minister’s position to rule in his stead. He became the ruler of Chera and the Chola empire. Many of the Chola centers were ruled by his descendants. 5ec8ef588b
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